2012/06/30

Wndows作業系統下安裝-XAMPP


一般人會稱這種軟體為「綠色軟體」,只需要解壓縮就可以使用,但一般不會有已裝好Joomla!的版本,所以仍然需要手動安裝Joomla!,其中XAMPP的軟體,是一個經常用於測試或開發使用的軟體,基本上解壓後就可以使用,不過它貼心的附加上一些簡單的初次使用的設定程式。
首先先到XAMPP的網站中下載適用於Windows平台的壓縮包。(目前最新版是1.7.7,這裡的說明也以這個版本為主)
這個頁面是中文的,而且有詳盡的安裝說明供使用者參考。
XAMPP經過許多使用者的推薦,可以使用一個較舊的版本1.7.1,它的PHP版本是5.2.9,也可以符合Joomla!的主程式需求(但有些套件要求要5.3以上),它的下載網址是http://sourceforge.net/projects/xampp/files/XAMPP%20Windows/1.7.1/xampp-win32-1.7.1.zip/download
XAMPP是一個不需安裝就可以使用的軟體(一般稱為綠色軟體),另外也有提供裝在USB隨身碟中的版本,在上面的網址中也可以下載。(以"XAMPP portable"為名稱)
XAMPP需要解壓縮到磁碟機的最上層目錄,這樣在執行時比較不會出問題。例如「C:\xampp\」或「D:\xampp\」這樣的目錄中。如果你直接在桌面解壓縮,有可能會因為中間的目錄(資料夾)名稱是中文,造成無法執行。
一開始先點按兩次在XAMPP根目錄中的「setup_xampp.bat」,這個程式會協助設定XAMPP的目錄。如下圖所示:
setup_xampp.bat的執行畫面
接下來點按兩次在XAMPP根目錄中的「xampp-control.exe」,啟動XAMPP控制台,如下圖所示:
XAMPP控制台
按點Apache右邊的「Start」按鈕,和MySQL右邊的Start按鈕,Apache和MySQL就可以啟動了,如下圖所示:
XAMPP控制台
如果電腦中有安裝防火牆軟體(這裡是以小紅傘Avira為例),應該會出現對於Apache和MySQL的警告視窗,對於這些視窗要點按「允許」讓Apache和MySQL可以存取網路的資源,如下圖所示:
  
另外如果目前的電腦中已經用安裝IIS、其他的AMP軟體、Skype等軟體,有可能會衝突到Apache和MySQL所需的網路埠。需要先關閉這些軟體或服務才會正常執行。
成功執行Apache和MySQL後,在瀏覽器的網址中輸入「http://localhost/」應該可以看到下面的畫面,代表XAMPP已成功執行,點按"中文"可以進入中文的控制畫面:
XAMPP預設網頁   XAMPP預設網頁
接下來的步驟及資訊(可選擇):
  1. 由於XAMPP預設的MySQL資料庫的最大權限root帳號沒有設定密碼的,你可以進入網址http://localhost/security/xamppsecurity.php進行密碼的設定。
  2. XAMPP的預設網站根目錄是在根目錄的htdocs目錄中,Joomla!接下來需要解壓縮在這裡面。
  3. XAMPP的Apache設定檔在根目錄的apache\conf\httpd.conf檔案
  4. XAMPP的PHP設定檔是在根目錄的php\php.ini檔案

架動態網站–神奇的Joomla! (上)


不管你是否聽過Joomla!的神奇能力,只要知道Joomla!能幫你快速架好一個網站就可以了,因為Joomla!是目前內容管理系統(CMS)的代表作之一,所以你只要將重心放在網站經營與架構上,剩下的全部交給Joomla!,Joomla!會化腐朽為神奇幫你搞定一切,你將會發現原來建構網站可以這麼簡單快速。
【※本文由共筆作者「挨踢路人甲」所撰寫,歡迎有志寫作的讀者也加入本站共筆的行列!※】





認識Joomla!


Joomla!是什麼?想必還會問如何念?因為字典中找不到這個單字,其名稱來自非洲斯瓦希里語的方言「Jumla」,意思是All Together或As a Whole的含意,正式的名稱應要在最後加上驚嘆號「!」,也就是「Joomla!」,一般念法類似中文的「君啦」。

Joomla!是以PHP語言設計搭配MySQL資料庫的內容管理系統,讓一般大眾不用撰寫任何程式,有別於傳統冷冰冰的HTML語法,能在短時間內輕鬆建構網站;顧名思義就是如同操作軟體般的方式讓你架構自己的網站,目前一般網站具備的功能大致都有支援,且還有上萬個佈景主題和模組套件可供運用,要說實例架站也不勝枚舉,如知名的保時捷 (巴西) 、古根漢美術館、IKEA(宜家家居)、台灣國家公園 、慈濟...等都是使用Joomla!架構的。

HTML語法可說是網頁設計的靈魂,最簡單的製作網頁是使用筆記本功能來編寫HTML語法,雖然Windows的記事本程式簡單易用,但HTML語法若使用途法煉鋼方式一一手工鍵入,那可是會累死人的,OFFICE與許多軟體也都有提供文件轉換HTML網頁的功能,但畢竟不是專為網頁設計而開發的,往往還是會有捉襟見肘的感覺,因為網頁牽涉到使用者介面、多媒體、伺服器架構、資料庫等多領域,想要使用單純的HTML語法來徒法煉鋼各種不同領域的動態多媒體網頁,老實說實屬不易,但Joomla!可以讓你不需要太多的技術背景,輕輕鬆鬆即可完成動態網站的架設。

架站的基本環境

架站一定是專業人士的專利嗎?Windows系統是一般最常使用的作業系統,因為其擁有最容易上手的操作介面,雖然Windows有提供IIS(Internet Information Services)服務,但架一個網站除了網頁伺服器外,資料庫、搭配的語法(ASP.NET或PHP)…等的運用也是不可或缺的,PHP語法的免費資源相當眾多,往往是架站的應用天堂,XAMPP是一個架站包,是集成了Apache、PHP、MySQL、Perl等工具的網頁伺服器安裝包,去掉了一些繁瑣安裝過程,讓一般不懂程式語言的人也可以輕鬆快速的建立架站環境,也就是說把XAMPP下載並安裝後,即馬上成為一台包山包海的網頁伺服器了。所以請閱讀下列文章來架構Joomla!所需的環境。

Joomla!的安裝

Joomla!安裝前需要對XAMPP做一些調整才行,因為使用XAMPP架站包來安裝Joomla!會有一些些的問題,因此安裝前必須修改「xampp\php」目錄內的php.ini文件檔,一般軟體都有其自己的錯誤處理機制,這些錯誤警告有的是要回饋給開發者判斷用的,因此這些機制而產生的警告不是使用者需要關心的課題,所以要修改的工作相當簡單,就是要忽略不顯示這些警告訊息,重點關閉這些警告沒有使用者介面來設定,必須動手編輯php.ini檔才行。

1. 首先使用筆記本或文字編輯器來開啟「php.ini」檔,於功能表上選按【編輯】→【尋找】出現一個「尋找」視窗,在「尋找目標」旁的輸入框內輸入「error_reporting」,按下〔找下一個〕(沒意外的話是按兩次)來找到「error_reporting」字串,並將原本是「E_ALL | E_STRICT」改成「E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED」。


2. 再將編輯游標移至最上頭,功能表上選按【編輯】【尋找】出現一個「尋找」視窗,在「尋找目標」旁的輸入框內輸入「display_errors」文字,按下〔找下一個〕(沒意外的話是按兩次)來找到「display_errors」文字,並將原本是「On」改成「Off」,並進入XAMPP控制台視窗重新啟動apache與MySQL服務。


3. 雖然目前已有Joomla! 2.5.x的版本(需外掛中文語言檔), 其Joomla! 2.5.x主要延續了1.7的強大功能,改善主程式及套件升級的功能,並加入了強大的搜尋功能!但經考量有些未完全中文化,加上介面並沒有改變太大,為了初學者能完全掌握與入門,所以使用Joomla! 1.7中文安裝包為基礎(其實安裝與操作大致相同),除了完整的中文化外,連範例也都有中文化,問題哪裡可以取得Joomla!中文安裝包呢?你可以上網到「台灣Joomla!社群」的網頁(http://www.joomla.org.tw/),往下捲動一下即可在右邊看到「Joomla! 1.7中文安裝包」,趕快點選來下載吧!
4. 下載中文安裝包後解壓縮產生一個「Joomla_1.7.0_zhtw_v2」資料夾,為了方便作業,我將資料夾更名為「joomla」並將複製xampp\htdocs內。
5. 再安裝前請到XAMPP畫面控制台確認Apache、MySQL服務是否有啟動,接著再開啟瀏覽器直接在網址欄上輸入「http://localhost/joomla/」開始安裝,首先是出現語言選擇的畫面,選擇想要的語系「Traditional Chinese(Taiwan)」後按下〔下一步〕。

6. 確定顯示錯誤是關閉的,這就是編輯php.ini檔內的「error_reporting」與「display_errors」的目的,按下〔下一步〕來繼續。

7. Joomla的授權說明,一般很少全部閱讀完,挨踢路人甲也不例外,所以直接按下〔下一步〕。

8. 接下來到資料庫設定的畫面,資料庫類型選擇預設的「MySQLi」(若無法成功可改採「MySQL」試試),主機名稱預設的「localhost」就可以,帳號與密碼就是XAMPP的安全設定一文中的修改的系統管理者「root」帳號與密碼,而資料庫名稱挨踢路人甲指定為「joomla」,確定相關的輸入資料後按下〔下一步〕。

9. ftp設定是可選擇的,大部分的使用者會忽略這個步驟,所以一樣按下〔下一步〕。

10. 在網站名稱輸入網站名稱、你的Email、管理帳號與密碼等資料,請不要直接按下〔下一步〕哦!不然會沒有安裝範例資料哦!對初學者會有一些瓶頸,所以請務必先按〔安裝範例資料〕,待按鈕出現「範例資料已安裝成功」後再按〔下一步〕。

11. 結果出現了joomla安裝成功的畫面,為了安全起見,畫面中會以紅色的字說明移除「Installation」目錄,強調你必須先移除安裝目錄才再繼續執行其他的工作,所以就直接按下〔移除安裝資料夾〕。

12. 當移除資料夾後到xmapp]htdocs\Jommla目錄內,應該看不到下圖的「installation」資料夾,若看得到表示有問題,請自行刪除此資料夾吧!

13. 刪除「installation」資料夾後,原先〔移除安裝資料夾〕按鈕會變成灰色的〔安裝資料夾已成功刪除〕,此時即可安心的按下右上的〔網站〕鈕。

14. 終於出現安裝完成的首頁畫面,看到「恭喜!你擁有了自己的Joomla網站」文字,是如此的感動又興奮啊!

15. Joomla的後台管理我習慣使用功能表的方式來處理,如想要改網站名稱,點選【網站】功能表中的【全站設定】。

16. 此「全站設定」畫面內可以設定網站名稱、網站關閉、離線訊息、編輯器的選擇、預設的存取層級、RSS Feed數量的限制等。



2012/06/29

Joomla 内容管理系统


可视化网页制作软件红了几年之后,逐渐不能满足网站制作的要求。近年来,java、Flash等技术在网页制作中应用越来越多,


“动态网页”(Dynamic webapage)成为主流。网页的内容也不单限于文字和静态图片,动画、视频、音频以及互动表单、论坛等越来越多。虽然利用DreamWeaver也能制作动态网页,但是已经力不从心了。

顺理成章的,CMS(Content Management System,内容管理系统)诞生了。国内喜欢称作“建站系统”,或者“全站系统”。

实质就是将一个动态网站的框架预先做好,用户根据需要填充自己的内容即可。利用CMS建设一个简单的网站,5分钟就够了。

高级一点的CMS已经内建新闻发布系统、文章发布系统、留言系统、博客、论坛、联系方式、下载系统等,更高级的甚至包含了网上商店。

假如我们把建设网站比作建造一个家,那么利
用HTML语言编写网站好比自己一块砖头、一刀水泥垒起来;

使用EditPlus这样的编辑器好比交给一个民工队去做,自己在旁边督工;DreamWeaver好比仿照“家庭装修指南”画报,让工匠按照图纸及效果图来建造;

使用CMS就好比买回一个活动房一样的半成品,然后自己挑选是否要客厅,餐厅,厨房,几个卧室,小酒吧甚至室内游泳池等。按照客户的需求,CMS就能把上述内容很快组合起来,变成一个漂亮的新家——5分钟入住!

目前国内外各种基于asp或者php的CMS总数大概在好几百,有免费的,也有商业软件。如果你想知道都有哪些,在Google里面搜索一下CMS大全就都有了。其中有一个不得不提,就是Mambo,中文名称“曼波”。mambo也是免费CMS,由非盈利性Mambo Foundation基金赞助开发,已有5年历史。我们之所以要提到曼波,是因为它是Joomla的前身。2005年8月,由于mambo的所有人Miro公司与核心开发小组之间意见不合,mambo开发小组领导人Eddie Andrew带领几乎八成的原小组成员,成立新的开源项目Joomla!。

Joomla这个名称来自非洲斯瓦希里语的方言“Jumla”,意思是“一起”。这就是Joomla!的来历。JoomlaJoomla!从诞生到现在不过1年多一点时间,但是已经赢得广大用户的喜爱。2006年11月14日,Joomla!获得2006年最佳开源CMS项目一等奖。其官方网站论坛的注册用户今天已经达到84,056人。

官方网站www.joomla.org 我们可以下载到最新版本的Joomla!安装包,目前最新稳定版是1.0.12版本,最新beta版是1.5。下载得到的安装包实际上是一个压缩文件,可能是zip格式,也可能是gzip格式。解压后得到若干文件夹及文件,文件总数达到2800多个。Joomla是web程序,因此必须上传到服务器才能运行。

如果要在自己的个人电脑(PC)上尝试Joomla,你必须在你的电脑上建立一个本地测试服务器。又由于Joomla!使用php语言,因此你的服务器必须是php空间。

Joomla!的运行还离不开SQL数据库,因此你的服务器上必须拥有 mysql或者mssql数据库。最常见的就是apache+php+MySQL平台,一般建立在Linux操作系统上的服务器都是这个组合。Joomla!跟其他CMS一样,也有一个功能就是支持内容与风格分离——即网站的外观可以随便更换

原因是Joomla!采用模板(template)来控制网站外观,通过调整模板的结构,以及编辑模板对应的CSS样式表文件,我们可以更改网站的外表。甚至,我们可以使用Timed Template组件来定时更换网站的“衣服”,从而表现出千变万化的美丽身影,同时又不需要更改网站的内容。

在全世界成千上万个Joomla!建造的网站中,你所看到的外观风格迥异,但是其核心都是一样的。另外,Joomla!每升级一次内核,都会发布针对旧版的升级补丁,所以核心文件的升级也非常方便。

Joomla!已经内建了文章系统、新闻系统、FAQ系统、友情链接及联系人功能。如果建设个人网站的话,把文章系统用blog风格展示出来,就可以做一个博客栏目——尽管这样的博客功能很弱。其他功能Joomla!并不自带。不过,Joomla!优越就在于它支持第三方扩展(Extensions)。有了这些扩展,Joomla!如虎添翼,可以进一步搭建论坛、留言本、wiki、博客(真正的博客,比前面所说的方法正规得多)、下载系统、视频插播、网上商店、相册图库、招聘信息、房屋租赁、黄页目录等等。

在Joomla!官方扩展库里面,目前已经有超过1250种各式扩展。

Joomla的扩展分三类:
组件(component)、
模块(module)和
触发器(mambot)。

在1.5版本以后,触发器被称为“插件” (plugin)

Joomla!将一个页面分为若干区域,其中正中主要部分被称为“mainbody”。

组件可以单独展示为页面,被分配在网页的 mainbody区域;

模块则无法独立成页,它必须被安排在页面上四周模块位置,

当然,你可以在后台自定义某个模块显示于哪些页面,

比如我们可以让登录窗口只在首页显示,打开网站其他页面则不显示;触发器相当于一个机器人,它被用于在页面内部实现某种特异功能,比如使用视频插播触发器就可以在网页任何位置显示一个视频播放窗口,你只需在编辑该网页时插入该触发器的命令。

触发器的命令一般都是用大括号({})来包围,
有的只有一个,有的需要一对,后面那个闭合标记当然要加入一个斜杠,变成{/}。

我们需要什么样的功能,就选择什么样的扩展。

安装后在后台建立对应的页面或者菜单,就能在前台得到这个功能。如果你需要某种功能,而目前还没有相应的扩展,说不定不久以后就有人开发出来了。

当然了,你也可以自己动手开发Joomla!扩展——只要懂php编程就可以了,没有想象中那么费劲。还有一些基于php的开源web程序,作的也不错,我们如果要把它们加入到Joomla!网站来,就必须借助于桥接器(bridge)。

比如SMF论坛很不错,但它不是Joomla!的扩展,我们可以使用JSMF桥接器来把它整合(integrate)到Joomla中来。

其他需要桥接器才能整合的还有phpbb论坛、gallery2图库、Lifetype多用户博客、Zen-Cart网上商店、vTigerCRM客户关系管理系统等等。总之,Joomla!是一个相当灵活的CMS,借助于丰富的第三方扩展和桥接器,它几乎可以建设所有类型的网站,从个人博客到联合国网站,都可以用Joomla!来建造。



2012/06/27

The Power of the Particular


OP-ED COLUMNIST

The Power of the Particular

  • FACEBOOK
  • TWITTER
  • GOOGLE+
  • EMAIL
  • SHARE
  • PRINT
  • REPRINTS
They say you’ve never really seen a Bruce Springsteen concert until you’ve seen one in Europe, so some friends and I threw financial sanity to the winds and went to follow him around Spain and France. In Madrid, for example, we were rewarded with a show that lasted 3 hours and 48 minutes, possibly the longest Springsteen concert on record and one of the best. But what really fascinated me were the crowds.
Josh Haner/The New York Times
David Brooks

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Springsteen crowds in the U.S. are hitting their AARP years, or deep into them. In Europe, the fans are much younger. The passion among the American devotees is frenzied, bordering on cultish. The intensity of the European audiences is two standard deviations higher. The Europeans produce an outpouring of noise and movement that sometimes overshadows what’s happening onstage.
Here were audiences in the middle of the Iberian Peninsula singing word for word about Highway 9 or Greasy Lake or some other exotic locale on the Jersey Shore. They held up signs requesting songs from the deepest and most distinctly American recesses of Springsteen’s repertoire.
The oddest moment came midconcert when I looked across the football stadium and saw 56,000 enraptured Spaniards, pumping their fists in the air in fervent unison and bellowing at the top of their lungs, “I was born in the U.S.A.! I was born in the U.S.A.!”
Did it occur to them at that moment that, in fact, they were not born in the U.S.A.? How was it that so many people in such a faraway place can be so personally committed to the deindustrializing landscape from New Jersey to Nebraska, the world Springsteen sings about? How is it they can be so enraptured at the mere mention of the Meadowlands or the Stone Pony, an Asbury Park, N.J., nightclub?
My best theory is this: When we are children, we invent these detailed imaginary worlds that the child psychologists call “paracosms.” These landscapes, sometimes complete with imaginary beasts, heroes and laws, help us orient ourselves in reality. They are structured mental communities that help us understand the wider world.
We carry this need for paracosms into adulthood. It’s a paradox that the artists who have the widest global purchase are also the ones who have created the most local and distinctive story landscapes. Millions of people around the world are ferociously attached to Tupac Shakur’s version of Compton or J.K. Rowling’s version of a British boarding school or Downton Abbey’s or Brideshead Revisited’s version of an Edwardian estate.
Millions of people know the contours of these remote landscapes, their typical characters, story lines, corruptions and challenges. If you build a passionate and highly localized moral landscape, people will come.
Over the years, Springsteen built his own paracosm, with its own collection of tramps, factory closings, tortured Catholic overtones and moments of rapturous escape. This construction project took an act of commitment.
The most interesting moment of Springsteen’s career came after the success of “Born to Run.” It would have been natural to build on that album’s success, to repeat its lush, wall-of-sound style, to build outward from his New Jersey base and broaden his appeal. Instead, Springsteen went deeper into his roots and created “Darkness on the Edge of Town,” which is more localized, more lonely and more spare.
That must have seemed like a commercially insane decision at the time. But a more easily accessible Springsteen, removed from his soul roots, his childhood obsessions and the oft-repeated idiom of cars and highways, would have been diluted. Instead, he processed new issues in the language of his old tradition, and now you’ve got young adults filling stadiums, knowing every word to songs written 20 years before they were born, about places they’ll never see.
It makes you appreciate the tremendous power of particularity. If your identity is formed by hard boundaries, if you come from a specific place, if you embody a distinct musical tradition, if your concerns are expressed through a specific paracosm, you are going to have more depth and definition than you are if you grew up in the far-flung networks of pluralism and eclecticism, surfing from one spot to the next, sampling one style then the next, your identity formed by soft boundaries, or none at all.
(Maybe this is why younger rock bands can’t fill stadiums year after year, while the more geographically defined older bands like U2, Springsteen and the Beach Boys can.)
The whole experience makes me want to pull aside politicians and business leaders and maybe everyone else and offer some pious advice: Don’t try to be everyman. Don’t pretend you’re a member of every community you visit. Don’t try to be citizens of some artificial globalized community. Go deeper into your own tradition. Call more upon the geography of your own past. Be distinct and credible. People will come.

9 Beliefs of Truly Successful People

9 Beliefs of Truly Successful People:
The most successful people in business approach their work differently than most. See how they think--and why it works.
I'm fortunate enough to know a number of remarkably successful people. Regardless of industry or profession, they all share the same perspectives and beliefs.
And they act on those beliefs:

1. Time doesn't fill me. I fill time.
Deadlines and time frames establish parameters, but typically not in a good way. The average person who is given two weeks to complete a task will instinctively adjust his effort so it actually takes two weeks.
Forget deadlines, at least as a way to manage your activity. Tasks should only take as long as they need to take. Do everything as quickly and effectively as you can. Then use your "free" time to get other things done just as quickly and effectively.
Average people allow time to impose its will on them; remarkable people impose their will on their time.

2. The people around me are the people I chose.
Some of your employees drive you nuts. Some of your customers are obnoxious. Some of your friends are selfish, all-about-me jerks.
You chose them. If the people around you make you unhappy it's not their fault. It's your fault. They're in your professional or personal life because you drew them to you--and you let them remain.
Think about the type of people you want to work with. Think about the types of customers you would enjoy serving. Think about the friends you want to have.
Then change what you do so you can start attracting those people. Hardworking people want to work with hardworking people. Kind people like to associate with kind people.
Successful people are naturally drawn to successful people.

3. I have never paid my dues.
Dues aren't paid, past tense. Dues get paid, each and every day. The only real measure of your value is the tangible contribution you make on a daily basis.
No matter what you've done or accomplished in the past, you're never too good to roll up your sleeves, get dirty, and do the grunt work. No job is ever too menial, no task ever too unskilled or boring.
Remarkably successful people never feel entitled--except to the fruits of their labor.

4. Experience is irrelevant. Accomplishments are everything.
You have "10 years in the Web design business." Whoopee. I don't care how long you've been doing what you do. Years of service indicate nothing; you could be the worst 10-year programmer in the world.
I care about what you've done: how many sites you've created, how many back-end systems you've installed, how many customer-specific applications you've developed (and what kind)... all that matters is what you've done.
Successful people don't need to describe themselves using hyperbolic adjectives like passionate, innovative, driven, etc.
Remarkably successful people don't need to use any adjectives at all. They can just describe, hopefully in a humble way, what they've done.

5. Failure is something I accomplish; it doesn't just happen to me.
Ask people why they have been successful. Their answers will be filled with personal pronouns: I, me, and the sometimes too occasional we.
Ask them why they failed. Most will revert to childhood and instinctively distance themselves, like the kid who says, "My toy got broken..." instead of, "I broke my toy."
They'll say the economy tanked. They'll say the market wasn't ready. They'll say their suppliers couldn't keep up.
They'll say it was someone or something else.
And by distancing themselves, they don't learn from their failures.
Occasionally something completely outside your control will cause you to fail. Most of the time, though, it's you. And that's okay. Every successful person has failed. Numerous times. Most of them have failed a lot more often than you. That's why they're successful now.
Embrace every failure: Own it, learn from it, and take full responsibility for making sure that next time, things will turn out differently.

6. Volunteers always win.
Whenever you raise your hand you wind up being asked to do more.
That's great. Doing more is an opportunity: to learn, to impress, to gain skills, to build new relationships--to do something more than you would otherwise been able to do.
Success is based on action. The more you volunteer, the more you get to act. Successful people step forward to create opportunities.
Remarkably successful people sprint forward.

7. As long as I'm paid well, it's all good.
Specialization is good. Focus is good. Finding a niche is good.
Generating revenue is great.
Anything a customer will pay you a reasonable price to do--as long as it isn't unethical, immoral, or illegal--is something you should do. Your customers want you to deliver outside your normal territory? If they'll pay you for it, fine. They want you to add services you don't normally include? If they'll pay you for it, fine. The customer wants you to perform some relatively manual labor and you're a high-tech shop? Shut up, roll 'em up, do the work, and get paid.
Only do what you want to do and you might build an okay business. Be willing to do what customers want you to do and you can build a successful business.
Be willing to do even more and you can build a remarkable business.
And speaking of customers...

8. People who pay me always have the right to tell me what to do.
Get over your cocky, pretentious, I-must-be-free-to-express-my-individuality self. Be that way on your own time.
The people who pay you, whether customers or employers, earn the right to dictate what you do and how you do it--sometimes down to the last detail.
Instead of complaining, work to align what you like to do with what the people who pay you want you to do.
Then you turn issues like control and micro-management into non-issues.

9. The extra mile is a vast, unpopulated wasteland.
Everyone says they go the extra mile. Almost no actually one does. Most people who go there think, "Wait... no one else is here... why am I doing this?" and leave, never to return.
That's why the extra mile is such a lonely place.
That's also why the extra mile is a place filled with opportunities.
Be early. Stay late. Make the extra phone call. Send the extra email. Do the extra research. Help a customer unload or unpack a shipment. Don't wait to be asked; offer. Don't just tell employees what to do--show them what to do and work beside them.
Every time you do something, think of one extra thing you can do--especially if other people aren't doing that one thing. Sure, it's hard.
But that's what will make you different.
And over time, that's what will make you incredibly successful.

2012/06/25

How to Manage Clever People

How to Manage Clever People:
Artists, designers, and programmers are different, difficult, and--depending on your strategy--delightful.
When I tell people that I spent 13 years producing radio and TV programs and then another 15 years running software companies, they always look puzzled and ask: What's the connection? The answer is simple: talent. Both industries depend crucially on highly creative individuals, many of whom can be eccentric, independent, and high maintenance. Success in both of these industries hinges on being able to manage and inspire talent.
I didn't understand this when I started. I enjoyed highly productive working relationships with writers, actors, designers, programmers, and musicians for no other reason than that I adored them. I admired their talent, loved their spirit, and wanted them to be happy. But, on reflection, I've come to understand that there is slightly more to it than that.
Great talent is special and you should respect it. There's a popular belief that creativity is inherently childlike, that creative people are infants who need to "learn" and not be spoiled. This is wrong. Trying to fit superstars into a box is counter-productive, perverse, and doomed. But don't go to the other extreme and treat these individuals as though they're made of glass. They're tough--maybe tougher than you are--and know their worth. What they most want is respect.
Creatives aren't interested in rules for their own sake and may be highly driven to break them. Don't let that wind you up. As long as they're delivering great work, that's all that matters. I once had an immensely talented director who didn't want to work in the open plan production office; He insisted on his own tiny room. Fighting him on this wasted time and lost trust. He knew how he worked and was better off on his own.
It may at first seem contradictory but I also believe true talent respects constraints. Composers work to split second timings when they write for movies or TV. Writers appreciate word counts and running times. So don't be afraid to be explicit and clear with them about budgets and schedules. Steve Jobs used to have a mantra: "Real artists ship." He was right. True professionals deliver. Only amateurs think it's clever to do otherwise.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember about true artists is that they are highly driven to develop themselves and their craft. They will go to the places that let them do this and they will leave those that don't. This may come across as arrogance but it isn't; It is just a sincere desire to do fantastic work. That can work in your favor if you appreciate and recognize it.
Rob Goffee and Gareth Jones have written a wonderful academic study on this subject called Managing Clever People. It's accurate but omits one thing: Treat clever people well and they are the most fun people to work with in the world.






2012/06/20

趨勢觀察/維基型協作吸納人才


網路生產機制顛覆了傳統的工業生產模式,網路集體協作之間產生了跨領域的互助關係,例如維基百科的誕生,降低了企業單打獨鬥的成本,也讓散居於全球各地的任何人,都能有機會充分參與並共同創造全新的未來。

元智大學創新育成中心主任林耀欽表示,維基經濟學現在看來已經變成「宏觀經濟學」,它的核心價值在於無數人透過網路,持續貢獻於大規模的「集體協作」。
不只是維基百科,像是開放式的電腦作業平台Linux、人類基因組計畫等,都是透過動員大規模的人力、才智、技術和情報,並以免費的方式提供給眾人使用,這樣的集體協作模式,將為未來世代帶來長遠的福祉,並動搖現在的工業生產方式。

林耀欽指出,過去3個世紀,機械化的工業經濟,帶來空前的生產力、知識累積和創新,為人類帶來財富和繁榮,但這也使人類社會和環境付出可觀代價。

伴隨新興市場數十億人民,追求加入全球中產階級的腳步愈來愈急促,但先進國家卻未必能持續保有經濟繁榮與安定,世界已經走到關鍵的轉捩點,必須要改造舊有模式、方法與制度,否則將面臨機制癱瘓,甚或崩潰的危險。

林耀欽表示,以歐債風暴為例,從冰島、希臘到西班牙的經濟情勢看來,未來的經濟運作,不可能回復到尚未發生危機之前的模樣,因此現在要思考的是,新的經濟何時及如何展開?

在新科技的推波助瀾下,世界變得更加複雜,影響力也從由上往下,變成逆向的由下往上,透過集體協作型的網路和社交網站,人們開始認知彼此依存共生的龐大效應,並發現傳統架構之外的串連表達途徑。


以維基經濟學為例,它的核心價值可以歸納成通力合作、開放、分享、誠正和互相依賴。林耀欽表示,在舊有的模式漸漸無法跟上時代快速改變的腳步,集體協作的方式,不失為一個重要的參考指標。

以金融風暴為例,後續的負面效應至今仍在持續,如果能夠建立起透明、開放和分享的全球網路平台,做為日後監督的機制,則能遏止因專業偏頗和人性貪婪,所帶來的全球災難。

維基型協作不僅只是公益平台,也有助於產業創新。林耀欽表示,汽車的設計和製造,如果以地方分權化的模式,3個月的時間就可以設計出一款新車,但如果是一個車廠獨立完成,則需要兩年的時間。

對新創公司來說,維基型協作可以廣泛吸納全球人才,建立起一套全新的創業體系,包括公司本身的員工、供應商的員工,以及公司延伸出去的社交網站,這些跨界和跨產業的通力合作能力,未來將會變得愈來愈重要。


全文網址: 趨勢觀察/維基型協作吸納人才 | 商業企管 | 財經產業 | 聯合新聞網 http://udn.com/NEWS/FINANCE/FIN11/7170837.shtml#ixzz1yKJZYWQ9
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2012.06.20 01:47 a

瘋狂的韓國飲酒文化


酒量差就沒工作?瘋狂的韓國飲酒文化
【朝鮮日報/社會部主任鄭權鉉/朝鮮日報中文網提供】
在擔任駐東京特派記者時見到的一位日本大企業高管說,最害怕去韓國出差。他說:「我的前任為了和韓國的合作企業搞好關係,喝酒喝到淩晨,「炸彈酒」(將小杯放在大杯裏,兩種酒一起喝)也喝了不少,後來他實在頂不住就辭職了。

在日本人都說我的酒量很好,但每次去首爾都為了思考如何才能逃掉酒席而徹夜難眠。」曾任駐首爾特派記者的一位日本報社女記者在評論中寫道:「在韓國有一種叫炸彈酒的很危險的酒。我喝了10杯後當時就不省人事。很可怕。

(在韓國)要喝炸彈酒的義務感已經滲入到職員的潛意識。」韓國「炸彈酒」最先被日本媒體報導是在上世紀90年代初,但對日本公司職員和駐韓國的職員來說,「炸彈酒」依舊是「最為可怕的對象」。韓日恢復邦交的1965年到1997年,許多日本企業進軍韓國,但派駐人員中沒有一名女性。據悉,其最大原因是無法忍受瘋狂的韓國飲酒文化。
在法國和留學的韓國人結婚後隨丈夫來到首爾的法國女性A某說:「有一天丈夫喝醉酒後爬回了家。第一次看到這種情形,既害怕又羞愧,一周都沒有外出。」懷揣著「韓國夢」嫁到韓國的外國新娘不堪丈夫酗酒毆打而回國的事例頻繁發生,給韓國的國家形象造成致命打擊。這已不是什麼新鮮事。在她們的國家,韓國已被刻上「丈夫每天喝酒打妻子的國家」的烙印。

本報採訪組在過去的半個月裏為了分析韓國扭曲的飲酒文化,以系列報導的形式連載了《勸酒的社會,助長犯罪的韓國》。在此期間通過讀者的聲音證實了一個事實,那就是在這個世界上,公權力對酗酒者袖手旁觀的國家只有韓國。正如一位讀者所指出的那樣,「以酒建立人際關係,以酒工作的卑劣的飲酒文化」也是韓國特有的奇怪現象


但代表韓國形象的一位人士對外國人驕傲地說「我最擅長製作炸彈酒」,而且千杯不倒也依然被視為領導人應有的美德。

正因為領導層的這種意識,在韓國公共場所醉酒的人比比皆是,但沒人會因此感到羞愧,也不認為這是一種犯罪。韓國現行法律為了維護公共秩序和社會安寧,對54種行為予以禁止,但沒有一項是與「酒」有關。在國外,很多國家將他人能夠識別出的酒後步行視為犯罪。韓國也應該用法律禁止酒後在公共場所亂逛。而且還應取消只因喝酒而輕罰的法院的判決慣例。大法院量刑委員會以「一名酗酒漢強姦女童事件」為契機,僅限性犯罪將醉酒狀態排除在減刑考慮因素之外,但在其他犯罪中依然對酒後行為予以減刑。因此,一些律師甚至讓委託人謊稱喝酒。

幾天前,首爾法院對酒後毆打計程車司機的被告人判處有期徒刑時稱:「不能把在農耕社會形成的飲酒文化帶到脫農耕社會,要遵守符合脫農耕社會的飲酒文化和規範。」這句話說得非常正確,但過去的經驗告訴我們,改善飲酒文化的活動雷聲大雨點小。歸根結底,只能在執法現場嚴格執行法律。

【2012-06-15/朝鮮日報中文網】


全文網址: 酒量差就沒工作?瘋狂的韓國飲酒文化 - 亞太 - 區域脈動 - udn全球觀察 http://mag.udn.com/mag/world/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=396473#ixzz1yKFvsACx
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閱讀地圖

歷史上人為書而瘋狂, 但現實裡, 愛書的人仍有但是越來越難尋. 一切知識的傳播都是靠書, 書靠印刷術的發明的普及與傳播. 書,權勢的權力還是在讀者, 有讀者,書才會有意義..